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Thursday, January 26, 2012
A 10-Year-Old Kid Got Lost Inside a Computer—For Real [Computers]
High animal fat diet increases gestational diabetes risk, study finds
ScienceDaily (Jan. 25, 2012) ? Women who consumed a diet high in animal fat and cholesterol before pregnancy were at higher risk for gestational diabetes than women whose diets were lower in animal fat and cholesterol, according to researchers at the National Institutes of Health and Harvard University.
Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes seen during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes increases the risk for certain pregnancy complications and health problems in the newborn.
Women whose diets were high in total fat or other kinds of fats -- but not in animal fat or cholesterol -- did not have an increased risk.
Moreover, the increased risk for gestational diabetes seen with animal fat and cholesterol appeared to be independent of other, dietary and non-dietary, risk factors for gestational diabetes. For example, exercise is known to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. Among women who exercised, however, those who consumed higher amounts of animal fat and cholesterol had a higher risk than those whose diets were lower in these types of fat.
"Our findings indicate that women who reduce the proportion of animal fat and cholesterol in their diets before pregnancy may lower their risk for gestational diabetes during pregnancy," said senior author Cuilin Zhang, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., of the Epidemiology Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), one of three NIH institutes supporting the study.
The researchers concluded that changing the source of 5 percent of dietary calories from animal fat to plant-derived sources could decrease a woman's risk for gestational diabetes by 7 percent.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture website, ChooseMyPlate.gov, contains information on healthy eating for children and adults, as well as health and nutrition information for pregnant and breast feeding women.
First author Katherine Bowers, Ph.D., conducted the research with NICHD colleagues Dr. Zhang and Edwina Yeung, Ph.D., and with Deirdre K. Tobias and Frank B. Hu, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., of Harvard University, in Boston.
Their findings appear online in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The research was also funded by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
The researchers utilized information from more than 13,000 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II. The women were 22 to 45 years old when they enrolled in the study. Every two years they responded to questions on their general health, pregnancy status, and lifestyle habits, such as consuming alcohol or smoking. In addition, every four years they completed a comprehensive survey about the kinds of food and drink they consumed.
About 6 percent of the participants reported having been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The researchers calculated the amount of animal fat in participants' diets as a percentage of total calories and divided participants into five groups, or quintiles, based on those percentages. Then the researchers compared the risk for developing gestational diabetes for each group. Women in the highest quintile of intake had almost double the risk for gestational diabetes compared to women in the lowest quintile.
They also observed that women in the highest quintile for cholesterol consumption were 45 percent more likely to develop gestational diabetes than were women in the lowest quintile.
"This is the largest study to date of the effects of a pre-pregnancy diet on gestational diabetes," Dr. Bowers said. "Additional research may lead to increased understanding of how a mother's diet before and during pregnancy influences her metabolism during pregnancy, which may have important implications for the baby's health at birth and later in life."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- K. Bowers, D. K. Tobias, E. Yeung, F. B. Hu, C. Zhang. A prospective study of prepregnancy dietary fat intake and risk of gestational diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012; 95 (2): 446 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.026294
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120125163406.htm
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Wednesday, January 25, 2012
Studies: Avastin may fight early breast cancers
This undated photo provided by Genentech Inc. on Jan. 31, 2011 shows a vial of the drug Avastin. Surprising results from two new studies may reopen the debate about the value of Avastin for breast cancer. The drug helped make tumors disappear when given with chemotherapy before surgery to certain women with early-stage disease, doctors found. The FDA recently revoked Avastin's approval for advanced breast cancer, but the studies suggest it might help others whose cancer has not widely spread. (AP Photo/Genentech Inc., File)
This undated photo provided by Genentech Inc. on Jan. 31, 2011 shows a vial of the drug Avastin. Surprising results from two new studies may reopen the debate about the value of Avastin for breast cancer. The drug helped make tumors disappear when given with chemotherapy before surgery to certain women with early-stage disease, doctors found. The FDA recently revoked Avastin's approval for advanced breast cancer, but the studies suggest it might help others whose cancer has not widely spread. (AP Photo/Genentech Inc., File)
Surprising results from two new studies may reopen debate about the value of Avastin for breast cancer. The drug helped make tumors disappear in certain women with early-stage disease, researchers found.
Avastin recently lost approval for treating advanced breast cancer, but the new studies suggest it might help women whose disease has not spread so widely. These were the first big tests of the drug for early breast cancer, and doctors were cautiously excited that it showed potential to help.
In one study, just over one third of women given Avastin plus chemotherapy for a few months before surgery had no sign of cancer in their breasts when doctors went to operate, versus 28 percent of women given chemo alone. In the other study, more than 18 percent on Avastin plus chemo had no cancer in their breasts or lymph nodes at surgery versus 15 percent of those on chemo alone.
A big caveat, though: The true test is whether Avastin improves survival, and it's too soon to know that ? both studies are still tracking the women's health. The drug also has serious side effects.
"I don't think it's clear yet whether this is going to be a winner," Dr. Harry Bear of Virginia Commonwealth University said of Avastin. But he added, "I don't think we're done with it."
Bear led one study, in the United States. Dr. Gunter von Minckwitz of the University of Frankfurt led the other in Germany. Results are in Thursday's New England Journal of Medicine.
Avastin (uh-VAS'-tihn) is still on the market for some colon, lung, kidney and brain tumors. In 2008, it won conditional U.S. approval for advanced breast cancer because it seemed to slow the disease. Further research showed it didn't meaningfully extend life and could cause heart problems, bleeding and other problems. The government revoked its approval for breast cancer in November.
Now doctors can prescribe Avastin for breast cancer but insurers may not pay. Treatment can cost $10,000 a month. The drug is made by California-based Genentech, part of the Swiss company Roche. It is still approved for treating advanced breast cancer in Europe and Japan.
The new studies tested it in a relatively novel way ? before surgery. This is sometimes done to shrink tumors that seem inoperable, or to enable women to have just a lump removed instead of the whole breast.
The women in the studies had tumors that were large enough to warrant treatment besides surgery. Their cancers were not the type that can be treated by Herceptin, another widely used drug.
In the U.S. study, 1,200 women were given chemo or chemo plus infusions of Avastin. By the time of their surgery, no cancer could be found in the breasts of more than 34 percent of those given Avastin versus 28 percent of the others. (Surgeons still have to operate because they don't know the tumor is gone until they check tissue samples.)
The German study involved 1,900 women including some with larger tumors. It used a stricter definition of cancer-free at surgery: no sign of disease in the breast or lymph nodes rather than just the breast. No cancer was seen in 18 percent of women on Avastin versus 15 percent of those given only chemo. Different chemo drugs were used ? a factor that might change Avastin's effectiveness.
The U.S. study was paid for by the National Cancer Institute with some support from drug companies. The German study was sponsored by drug companies. Some researchers consult for Genentech or other makers of cancer drugs.
If even one of these studies shows a survival advantage for Avastin "that would be a game changer" although side effects remain a concern, said Dr. Gary Lyman. He is a Duke University researcher who was on the federal advisory panel that recommended revoking Avastin's approval.
However, von Minckwitz said side effects are more justifiable in early breast cancer patients because "the intention is cure" rather than in late-stage disease where cure isn't usually possible.
Of the more than 200,000 women in the U.S. diagnosed each year with breast cancer, about 30,000 are like those in the new studies, Lyman estimated.
But the studies' impact could be far greater: The participants' tissue samples are being analyzed for genes and biomarkers to predict which women are most likely to respond to Avastin. That could lead to a relook of using the drug for certain women with advanced disease, too.
Three other studies are under way testing Avastin in early breast cancer; one is expected to have results by the end of this year, said Dr. Sandra Horning, global development chief of cancer drugs for Roche and Genentech. The company does not plan to seek any change in Avastin's use until more results are available, she said.
___
Online:
Studies: http://www.nejm.org
Avastin: http://www.avastin.com
___
Marilynn Marchione can be followed at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP
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Antec Three Hundred Two gaming chassis | Ubergizmo
Want to expand your computer to store even more data? Fret not, the Three Hundred Two utilizes eight expansion slots for up to three 12.5? (318 mm) graphics cards, where it is compatible with the largest GPUs in the market. Its removable, washable PSU and front intake air filters ensure that you can do your bit in maximizing the airflow in an efficient manner, while a cable management system will feature a quartet of strategically placed holes, offering 3cm of space right behind the motherboard tray. Three 5.25? and five 3.5? tool-less drive bays round off the list of features ? you can pick up the Antec Three Hundred Two for $79.95 a pop.
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Add a Comment?  antec?gaming chassis?three hundred two?
Source: http://www.ubergizmo.com/2012/01/antec-three-hundred-two/
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Brothers reunited in Japan after 6 decades apart (AP)
KYOTO, Japan ? They no longer speak the same language, but two brothers separated nearly 60 years each think the other hasn't changed a bit.
Japanese-American Minoru Ohye celebrate his 86th birthday Monday with his only brother after traveling to Japan for a reunion with him.
The brothers were born in Sacramento, California, but were separated as children after their father died in a fishing accident. They were sent to live with relatives in Japan and ended up in different homes.
The reunited brothers hugged in a hotel room and exchanged gifts of California chocolate and Japanese sake. The American brother wore his trademark baseball cap and jeans. The Japanese bother wore a suit and tie.
But the same bright eyes and square jaws were a dead giveaway that they were brothers. They both loved golf and had back pains. They thought the other hadn't changed a bit.
"If we miss this chance, we may never meet. You never know," said Ohye, energetic except for a sore knee. "Either he may die, or I may die."
Separated across the Pacific, their only prior meeting had been a brief one in the mid-1950s when Ohye stopped by Japan while serving in the U.S. Army in the demilitarized zone on the Korean peninsula.
His brother, Hiroshi Kamimura, 84, was adopted by a Japanese family, grew up in the ancient capital of Kyoto and became a tax accountant. He married and had three sons.
Ohye joined the youth group of the Japanese Imperial Army at 13 and went to Russia, where he was sent to a Siberian coal mine when Japan surrendered. He returned to be with his mother in Yuba City, California, in 1951, and worked as a bookbinder and a gardener.
He became homeless when he failed to collect payment for a restaurant he ran and later sold in the late 1950s.
About 10 years ago, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, a welfare service organization for U.S. veterans, found him a spot in the Eskaton Wilson Manor home for the elderly.
It was Eskaton's program to grant a wish called "Thrill of a Lifetime" that got Ohye back to Japan.
While others wished for rafting trips and football game tickets, the only thing Ohye wanted was to see his brother again. Eskaton administrator Debbie Reynolds put together a fundraiser for Ohye's trip.
Kamimura acknowledged it had been difficult to communicate with his brother through telephone calls because he didn't understand English. They would exchange a lot of "hellos" and then their conversations ended, he said.
"I am happy. He is the only brother I have," Kamimura said after watching Ohye blow out the candles on a birthday cake at a restaurant. "This may be our last time together."
Brian Berry, a graduate student at the University of Tokyo who was approached by Reynolds to help with the reunion and got Ohye from the Tokyo airport to Kyoto, was relieved the brothers were together at last.
"Even over time, with all that has been gone through, still the only thing you are thinking about is your family," he said. "Right when you're near the end of your life, you are still thinking about your family."
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Follow Yuri Kageyama on Twitter at http://twitter.com/yurikageyama
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Tuesday, January 24, 2012
The solar system on paper
Kat Austen, CultureLab editor
Ever wanted to hold the universe in the palm of your hand? Well, you can't. But thanks to artist Mishka Henner, you can hold the solar system in your outstretched arms - or at least a scale version of it, with a bit of artistic license thrown in.
Henner's newest project, Astronomical, is a book series that contains the whole solar system, in miniature. Each page of the 12-volume epic represents one million kilometres of the six billion between the Sun and Pluto. Starting with our double-page spanning star, Henner's first volume ranges through page after page of blackest black until you happen upon the tiny speck that is Mercury...or is that just a blip in the printing? It's hard to be sure.
Earth, being larger, is easier to identify, but eerily ghostly in black and white miniature, dwarfed by the expanse of darkness surrounding it.
That's just the impression Henner is going for. He wants the 6,000 pages to demonstrate just how lonely and surrounded by nothingness we are. To this end, Henner made the book as cold and unsentimental as possible, "because the universe is cold, isn't it? And isolated, lost, lonely," he says.
And it really works. The physicality of turning over thousands of pages of uninterrupted black brings home the scale of how far we are from the other planets orbiting the sun. How many books it would take to get to the next nearest star? Henner has already worked it out - 79,000, he tells me.
Henner?s interest in nothingness was piqued when he heard about the cosmonauts'?experiences on space station Mir . "What the cosmonauts taught us was that being up there and staring out into the void just makes you want to go home," he tells me.
Prior to Astronomical, Henner put together an as yet unpublished 400 page book of the Ultra Deep Field image, which was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2004. The telescope was focussed for 12 days on an "empty" part of the universe, revealing 10,000 previously undiscovered galaxies. Henner likens the impact of that image to that of the first pictures of Earth - a shift in consciousness to highlight the real scale of the universe. Given its size, "it's impossible that we're alone in the universe," he says.
For Astronomical, Henner teamed up with his maths whizz friend to work out the average orbital distance of the planets from the sun, before figuring out how to scale them down to fit into his 6,000-page series. Each planet is illuminated from the left by the sun on the first page of volume one, and is positioned on the right-hand page of its spread, squarely half-way down - which Henner tells me is a case of artistic license rather than fortuitous average orbital radius values.
It's a neat idea. Henner seemed quietly amused that the realisation of it also meant he could trundle unassumingly around London with the entire solar system in his otherwise unremarkable suitcase. He assures me he has read the entire 12 volumes. And how was it? He replies with only one word. "Meditative."
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Tapes: JFK saw D.C. disconnect (Politico)
Newly released tapes reveal that even 50 years ago, President John F. Kennedy reflected on a very modern political problem ? the disconnect between Washington, D.C., and voters in the rest of the country.
?We?ve got so mechanical an operation here in Washington that it doesn?t have much identity where these people are concerned,? Kennedy was recording saying not long before his death, according to The Associated Press.
Continue ReadingThe John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum on Tuesday is releasing 45 hours of privately recorded meetings and calls Tuesday, the last of more than 260 hours of recordings that JFK secretly made in the days before his assassination in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963, the wire service reports.
In one recording, Kennedy quips about the contradictory reports on Vietnam that he?s receiving from two advisers.
?You both went to the same country?? he asked.
In a portent of the terrible events to come, Kennedy talked about his schedule on the coming Monday, which would become his funeral day.
?Monday?? he asked, according to the AP. ?Well that?s a tough day.?
?It?s a hell of a day, Mr. President,? replied a staffer.
In 1983, the JFK Library began reviewing tapes that lacked classified information and then releasing recordings to the public. In total, more than 40 hours of recordings have been released.
The full audio of the tapes are available at the JFK Presidential Library and Museum website, which can be found here.
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